The refrigerant in your car’s air conditioning system is the gas that cools and circulates air through the cabin. Without it, even the best compressor or condenser can’t keep things cool. Most modern Australian vehicles use either R-134a or R-1234yf, while older models may still run R-12 unless converted. A small number of new high-efficiency systems now use CO₂ (R-744).
This guide explains the different types of car AC refrigerant, how to tell which one your vehicle uses, and what to do when it needs a regas or repair. For professional help, start with our main car aircon service page.
Quick Summary
- Common types today: R-134a and R-1234yf
- Older systems: R-12 (banned but found in pre-1994 vehicles)
- New technology: R-744 (CO₂-based) in select modern and hybrid cars
- Never mix refrigerants — each uses unique fittings, pressures, and lubricants
- Performance issues? If your system’s not cooling well, visit our car aircon regas cost guide or see Why your car air conditioner isn’t getting cold for troubleshooting
- Curious about what’s included in a full check? Read What is an AC service for a car
The Main Types of Car AC Refrigerant
| Refrigerant Type | Description | Used In | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-134a (HFC) | Replaced R-12 in the mid-1990s and became the global standard for more than 20 years. Non-flammable, stable, and compatible with most vehicles on Australian roads today. If your AC takes longer to cool or isn’t as cold as it used to be, a regas may be due. |
Cars made from the mid-90s to mid-2010s | Widely available, affordable, reliable cooling performance | Moderate environmental impact (high global warming potential) |
| R-1234yf (HFO) | Next-generation refrigerant with lower environmental impact. Now standard in many new European, American, and luxury vehicles. These systems have unique connectors to prevent mixing with R-134a. |
Most cars manufactured from 2017 onwards | Low global warming potential, energy efficient, compatible with new system designs | More expensive, requires specialist recovery and service equipment |
| R-12 (CFC) | Originally used in older vehicles but phased out due to its ozone-depleting properties. Also known as Freon. If you’re restoring a classic, a professional can retrofit your system to a compliant gas. |
Cars manufactured before 1994 | Excellent cooling performance (in its time) | Environmentally harmful, unavailable for legal sale, requires system conversion |
| R-744 (CO₂) | Also known as carbon dioxide refrigerant, R-744 is an eco-friendly option used in some advanced and hybrid vehicles. It operates under much higher pressures and needs specialised components. |
New hybrid and European vehicles with advanced HVAC systems | Non-toxic, non-flammable, zero ozone depletion potential | High service costs and complex maintenance |
R-134a (HFC)
R-134a replaced R-12 in the mid-1990s and became the global standard for more than 20 years. It’s non-flammable, stable, and compatible with most vehicles on Australian roads today.
Used in: Cars made from the mid-90s to mid-2010s. Pros: Widely available, affordable, reliable cooling performance. Cons: Moderate environmental impact (high global warming potential).
If your AC takes longer to cool or isn’t as cold as it used to be, a regas may be due. Learn how long aircon regassing takes and what’s involved in the process.
R-1234yf (HFO)
R-1234yf is the next-generation refrigerant designed to reduce environmental impact. It’s now standard in many new European, American, and luxury vehicles.
Used in: Most cars manufactured from around 2017 onwards. Pros: Low global warming potential, energy efficient, compatible with new system designs. Cons: More expensive, requires specialist recovery and service equipment.
R-1234yf systems have unique connectors to prevent mixing with R-134a. Always check the label before topping up or scheduling a regas.
R-12 (CFC)
R-12, commonly known as Freon, was the original refrigerant used in older vehicles. It was phased out due to its ozone-depleting properties.
Used in: Cars manufactured before 1994. Pros: Excellent cooling performance (in its time). Cons: Environmentally harmful, unavailable for legal sale, requires system conversion to R-134a or R-1234yf.
If you’re restoring a classic, a professional can retrofit your system to a newer, compliant gas.
R-744 (CO₂)
Also known as carbon dioxide refrigerant, R-744 is an eco-friendly option found in some advanced vehicles. It operates under much higher pressures and requires specialised components.
Used in: New hybrid and European vehicles with advanced HVAC systems. Pros: Non-toxic, non-flammable, zero ozone depletion potential. Cons: High service costs and complex system maintenance.
What Refrigerant Does My Car Use?
The quickest way to check is to look under the bonnet for a label near the condenser, radiator support, or compressor. It lists the refrigerant type (R-134a, R-1234yf, etc.), along with the required weight and pressure settings.
If the label has worn off or you’re unsure, a qualified technician can confirm it during a car aircon service. For older cars, this check is especially important before regassing — systems built for R-12 need conversion before using modern refrigerants.
You can also refer to:
- The owner’s manual under “Air Conditioning” or “Cooling System.”
- The filler port design — R-1234yf systems have smaller, unique connectors.
- Model year — most post-2017 vehicles use R-1234yf.
If your air conditioner is struggling to cool, it may not be the gas itself — see How to tell if your car air conditioner compressor is bad for diagnosis tips.
How to Add Refrigerant to a Car
Adding refrigerant isn’t just about topping up a can — it requires the right tools, pressures, and gas type. Here’s how the process works professionally:
- Check the system type and refrigerant label to avoid cross-contamination.
- Recover any existing refrigerant safely (not released into the air).
- Vacuum test to remove air and moisture, then inspect for leaks.
- Recharge the correct amount of refrigerant and oil to factory specification.
- Test performance — check vent temperatures, pressure readings, and compressor cycling.
DIY refill kits exist, but incorrect filling can damage the compressor or hoses. Professional servicing ensures correct charge and avoids refrigerant loss.
Why the Right Refrigerant Matters
Using the wrong type can cause poor cooling, system contamination, and even compressor failure. The oils used with each gas type also differ — mixing them can create acids that corrode seals and components.
Correct refrigerant use ensures:
- Efficient cabin cooling
- Longer component lifespan
- Lower compressor load and fuel use
- Compliance with Australian environmental laws
Common Aircon Issues Related to Refrigerant
If your AC blows warm air or cycles inconsistently, refrigerant may be low, contaminated, or leaking. Dirty filters and blocked vents can also affect performance.
For practical help:
- Learn why your car heater may not be working (often related to coolant or airflow).
- Discover how to clean a car air con to maintain air quality and performance.
When to Regas or Service Your Aircon
There’s no strict schedule, but most systems need a regas every 2–3 years or when cooling performance drops. Frequent use, hot climates, or small leaks can shorten this time.
A proper service includes:
- Pressure testing and leak inspection
- System evacuation and vacuum
- Refill with manufacturer-specified refrigerant and oil
- Compressor operation check
See our car aircon regas cost guide for pricing and inclusions.
FAQs About Car AC Refrigerant
How Do I Check Refrigerant Levels in My Car?
Most vehicles require professional gauges to measure pressure accurately. A mechanic connects these to the low and high-pressure service ports to determine whether levels are within range. Some vehicles display refrigerant pressure through diagnostic software.
How Do I Add or Refill Refrigerant in My Car?
Only use the exact refrigerant type specified on the under-bonnet label. A technician will vacuum the system, check for leaks, then refill with the precise weight listed by the manufacturer. Avoid DIY cans — overfilling can damage seals and valves.
How Long Does Car AC Refrigerant Last?
Typically two to three years, depending on use, temperature, and system condition. A sealed system shouldn’t lose gas quickly, but small leaks are common in older vehicles.
How Much Refrigerant Does My Car Need?
Most passenger cars require between 400g and 800g, but amounts vary by make and model. The exact specification is on the label near the radiator support or listed in the owner’s manual.
What Type of Refrigerant Does My Car Use?
Check the AC system label under the bonnet or consult your owner’s manual. Vehicles built before 1994 used R-12, those from 1994–2016 used R-134a, and most post-2017 vehicles use R-1234yf.
Is Car Refrigerant the Same as Coolant?
No. Refrigerant is a gas that cools air inside the cabin. Coolant (antifreeze) circulates through the engine to regulate temperature. They serve different systems entirely.
How Do I Know If My Car Needs Refrigerant?
Common signs include weak or warm airflow, longer cooling times, or compressor cycling frequently. A faint hiss when the AC engages can also indicate low pressure.
How Much Does It Cost to Refill Car AC Refrigerant?
Costs typically range from $150 to $300, depending on the vehicle type, refrigerant used, and system size. For a detailed breakdown, check our car aircon regas cost guide.
How Do I Fix a Refrigerant Leak in My Car?
Leaks require professional diagnosis using UV dye or electronic leak detectors. Repairs may involve replacing O-rings, hoses, or the condenser. Simply topping up without fixing the leak will only provide temporary relief.
Can I Remove or Drain Refrigerant from My Car at Home?
No. It’s illegal to vent refrigerant into the atmosphere in Australia due to environmental regulations. Only licensed technicians can recover and recycle refrigerant safely using certified equipment.
What Does Car AC Refrigerant Smell Like?
Refrigerant itself is odourless, but a sweet or chemical smell may suggest a leak mixed with compressor oil. Musty or damp odours often come from bacteria or mould inside the evaporator. If yours smells like that, see how to clean a car air con for help.
Conclusion
From R-12 to R-744, car refrigerants have evolved for better performance and environmental safety. Knowing which gas your car uses helps you maintain the system correctly, avoid costly damage, and keep cool during Australia’s hot summers.
If your AC isn’t performing or you’re unsure which refrigerant your car needs, book a professional car aircon service with Voltaic. We’ll inspect, test, and recharge your system safely so you stay comfortable on every drive.